FemalePencil

Khakass

2005-03-23T23:28:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Khakas, or Hakas, people who have given their name to Khakassia republic in central Russia. The general name Khakass encompasses five Turkic-speaking groups that differ widely in their ethnic origin as well as in their culture and everyday life: the Kacha, Sagay (Sagai), Beltir, Kyzyl, and Koybal. Before the Russian Revolution of 1917 the Kacha were seminomadic pastoralists raising cattle,

Hestia

2005-03-22T02:37:00.000-08:00

She was worshipped chiefly as goddess of the family hearth; but, as the

Hadrian's Wall

2005-03-19T10:41:00.000-08:00

Dadra And Nagar Haveli

2005-03-18T15:01:00.000-08:00

Dadra and Nagar Haveli came under

Siliceous Rock

2005-03-14T06:24:00.000-08:00

The most common siliceous rock is chert, which is a dense, microcrystalline rock composed

Armstrong, Edwin H.

2005-03-12T14:37:00.000-08:00

In full Edwin Howard Armstrong American inventor who laid the foundation for much of modern radio and electronic circuitry, including the regenerative and superheterodyne circuits and the frequency modulation (FM) system.

China, KMT opposition to radicals

2005-03-09T16:29:00.000-08:00

The two parties competed for direction of nationalist policy, control of mass organizations, and recruitment of new members. Under Comintern coaching, the Communist strategy was to try to split the KMT, drive out its conservative members, and turn it to an ever more radical course. In August 1925, KMT conservatives in Canton tried to stop the leftward trend. One of the strongest

Chancellor

2005-03-08T19:50:00.000-08:00

In western Europe, the title of holders of numerous offices of varying importance, mainly secretarial, legal, administrative, and ultimately political in nature. The Roman cancellarii, minor legal officials who stood by the cancellus, or bar, separating the tribune from the public, were later employed in the imperial scrinia (writing departments). After the fall of

Argentine

2005-03-05T16:01:00.000-08:00

The true smelts

Pinski, David

2005-03-03T11:53:00.000-08:00

Reared in Moscow, Vitebsk, and Vienna, Pinski moved as a young man to Warsaw, where he became a friend of the leading Yiddish writer Isaac Peretz. It was also in Warsaw that Pinski began his lifelong associations with the Jewish workers' movement. His first short story, “Der Groyser

Anthony, Katharine (susan)

2005-03-01T22:47:00.000-08:00

A college teacher of geometry, Anthony was deeply interested in psychiatry. Eventually this interest came to shape her approach to biography,

Cynegils

2005-02-27T07:32:00.000-08:00

With his son Cwichelm (d. 636), Cynegils defeated the advancing Britons at Bampton in Oxfordshire in 614, and Cwichelm sought to arrest the growing power of the Northumbrian king Eadwine by procuring his assassination. The attempt, however, failed, and in 626 the West Saxons were defeated

Beit Bridge

2005-02-25T07:30:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Beitbridge town, southern Zimbabwe. It lies near the bridge named for Alfred Beit, British South African financier, across the Limpopo River. The bridge is situated on the border with Northern province, South Africa, opposite Messina and is a port of entry and a customs and immigration post. The town, founded in 1929, was for many years the terminus of the railway from Pretoria, until a

Land, Edwin Herbert

2005-02-24T02:30:00.000-08:00

While a student at Harvard University, Land became interested in polarized light, i.e., light in which all rays are aligned in the same plane.

Celestial Mechanics

2005-02-21T10:55:00.000-08:00

In the broadest sense, the application of classical mechanics to the motion of celestial bodies acted on by any of several types of forces. By far the most important force experienced by these bodies, and much of the time the only important force, is that of their mutual gravitational attraction. But other forces can be important as well, such as atmospheric drag on

Faribault

2005-02-19T00:34:00.000-08:00

City, seat of Rice county, southeastern Minnesota, U.S., at the confluence of the Cannon and Straight rivers, in a mixed-farming and lake area, 53 mi (85 km) south of St. Paul. Established in 1826 as a fur-trading post by Alexander Faribault (whose house [1853] still stands), it was the centre for the Indian missions of Henry B. Whipple, first Episcopal bishop of Minnesota, who organized Seabury Divinity

Shamanism, Forms of ecstasy

2005-02-17T03:48:00.000-08:00

The shaman may fulfill his obligations either by communicating with the spirits at will or through ecstasy. The latter has two forms: possession ecstasy, in which the body of the shaman is possessed by the spirit, and wandering ecstasy, in which his soul departs into the realm of spirits. In passive ecstasy the possessed gets into an intense mental state and shows superhuman

Servite

2005-02-16T10:28:00.000-08:00

Member of Order of the Servants of Mary (O.S.M.) a Roman Catholic order of mendicant friars—religious men who lead a monastic life, including the choral recitation of the liturgical office, but do active work—founded in 1233 by a group of seven cloth merchants of Florence. These men, known collectively as the Seven Holy Founders, left their families and occupations to withdraw outside the gates of Florence and live

Biblical Literature, The history of canonization

2005-02-13T03:54:00.000-08:00

Because no explicit or reliable traditions concerning the criteria of canonicity, the canonizing authorities, the periods in which they lived, or the procedure adopted have been preserved, no more than a plausible reconstruction of the successive stages involved can be provided. First, it must be observed that sanctity and canonization are not synonymous terms.

Theatre, Western, Imitation of Greek models

2005-02-12T11:57:00.000-08:00

In the literary theatre, plot invention and characters were largely taken from Greek plays. Livius Andronicus, a Greek living in Rome, was the first to adapt Greek plays (in 240 BC), and his example was followed in 235 BC by the poet Gnaeus Naevius, a native of Campania. Naevius can be regarded as the first native Italian playwright, and the genre of comedies he founded was called fabula

Ibycus

2005-02-09T04:58:00.000-08:00

Ibycus left Sicily for the Aegean island of Samos, where the tyrant Polycrates became his patron. Ancient authorities found it hard to distinguish his early work from that of Stesichorus, but even in the few surviving

Christianity, The tendency toward asceticism

2005-02-08T11:47:00.000-08:00

The proponents of an ascetic theology demanded exclusiveness of devotion by faithful Christians to Christ and deduced from it the demand of celibacy. This is found in arguments for the monastic life and in the Roman Catholic view of the priesthood. The radical-ascetic interpretation stands in constant tension with the positive understanding of Christian marriage.

Eclecticism

2005-02-05T01:44:00.000-08:00

(from Greek eklektikos, “selective”), in philosophy and theology, the practice of selecting doctrines from different systems of thought without adopting the whole parent system for each doctrine. It is distinct from syncretism—the attempt to reconcile or combine systems—inasmuch as it leaves the contradictions between them unresolved. In the sphere of abstract

Automotive Industry, International operations

2005-02-04T03:41:00.000-08:00

Although the automotive industry has long been multinational in its organization and operation, beginning in the 1980s and accelerating in the late 1990s, it has established a trend toward international consolidation. Larger, more financially secure firms buy controlling interest in financially troubled ones, usually because the weaker firm manufactures a highly

Vitale Da Bologna,

2005-02-01T10:58:00.000-08:00

The first official record of Vitale was in Bologna, where he painted the Odofredi Chapel in the Church of San Francesco. During this period he is credited with painting the “Last Supper” (1340; Pinacoteca, Bologna)

Syrtos

2005-01-31T05:26:00.000-08:00

Ancient chain dance of Greece. It was described by Lucian (c. AD 125–190) and is still danced today in many varieties in the Greek islands. Traditionally, it was danced by segregated lines of men and women, a youth leading the line of girls; lines now are frequently mixed. The dancers in the chain maintain a simple fundamental step, but the leader improvises, often breaking away

Paul Karadjordjevic, Prince

2005-01-29T04:24:00.000-08:00

When Yugoslavia's king Alexander I was assassinated (Oct. 9, 1934), Paul was appointed regent for his 11-year-old nephew Peter II. Although Paul's sympathies lay with the British-French entente, he was forced to submit to Hitler's demands and align his country

Biblical Literature, The Essenes

2005-01-26T00:45:00.000-08:00

Though the Essenes of the Dead Sea Scrolls are not mentioned in the New Testament, they are described by Philo, Josephus, and Eusebius, a 4th-century Christian historian. With publication of the Essenes' own sectarian writings since the 1950s, however, they have become well known. They did not have any really new ideas, but their founder, the Teacher of Righteousness, believed

Annelid, Leeches

2005-01-25T22:49:00.000-08:00

Leeches have 34 segments, and elongation occurs by the subdivision of these segments. Leeches have a small sucker at the anterior end and a large sucker at the posterior end. A clitellum is present in the mid-region during the reproductive period. The poorly developed eyes are paired structures at the anterior end. Setae are absent.

Ascot

2005-01-23T17:25:00.000-08:00

Locality, Windsor and Maidenhead unitary authority, geographic and historic county of Berkshire, England, known for its racecourse on Ascot Heath. The Royal Ascot meeting (initiated in 1711 by Queen Anne) lasts four days each June and is traditionally attended by the British sovereign. A major social and fashion event, it has lent its name to the ascot, a type of broad neck

Literary Criticism, Criticism and knowledge

2005-01-21T00:55:00.000-08:00

The debate over poetic truth may illustrate how modern discussion is beholden to extraliterary knowledge. Critics have never ceased disputing whether literature depicts the world correctly, incorrectly, or not at all, and the dispute has often had more to do with the support or condemnation of specific authors than with ascertainable facts about mimesis. Today

Daniel, Peter V(ivian)

2005-01-18T14:10:00.000-08:00

Daniel studied law under Edmund Jennings Randolph and quickly rose in politics after his admission to the bar in 1808. He entered the Virginia legislature in 1809 and was elected to the Privy Council in 1812. In 1834 he was offered the post of U.S. attorney general by Pres. Andrew Jackson but

Piciform, Vocalizations

2005-01-17T15:30:00.000-08:00

The voices of Piciformes are rarely melodious and are often harsh or strident. The vocalizations of jacamars are squeaky, the notes sometimes being run together into a trill. Whistles or trills may be alternated or mixed, forming a simple song. Puffbirds are relatively quiet, producing thin whistles, peeps, and twitters. The vocalizations of toucans are loud and often

Estaing, Charles-hector, Comte (count) D'

2005-01-15T22:45:00.000-08:00

D'Estaing served in India during the Seven Years' War and was governor of the Antilles (1763–66). He was appointed vice admiral in 1767 and in 1778 attempted to surprise the English squadrons in North America and enable the colonists

Seti I

2005-01-12T02:17:00.000-08:00

In the early years of his reign, Seti led his army northward to restore Egyptian prestige, which had been partly lost during the troubled years of the late 18th dynasty. He battled in northern Palestine

Kiriath-sepher

2005-01-11T09:56:00.000-08:00

Also called Debir , or Lo-debar , modern Tall Bayt Mirsham ancient town of Palestine, located near Hebron (in the Israeli-occupied West Bank). According to the Bible, the town was taken from the Canaanites either by Caleb's son-in-law Othniel or by Joshua himself. Tall Bayt Mirsham (Tell Beit Mirsim) was excavated (1926–32) by W.F. Albright, who uncovered exceptionally clear stratification from which he was able to give the first comprehensive

Davies, Emily

2005-01-09T14:02:00.000-08:00

Educated at home, Davies joined the campaign for the emancipation of women with

Arabia, Yemen

2005-01-06T20:26:00.000-08:00

Arabia's highest mountains occur in Yemen: An-Nabi Shu'ayb, northwest of San'a', reaches 12,008 feet. The Tihamah in Yemen, broader and more habitable than the Tihamah farther north in Saudi Arabia, supports some towns. Monsoon rains make the mountains and high plateaus of Yemen the most fruitful region in Arabia. The easy slope from the highlands to the southwestern corner of the

Neoevolutionism

2005-01-05T21:29:00.000-08:00

School of anthropological thought concerned with long-term, directional, “evolutionary” culture change and with the regular patterns of development that may be seen in unrelated, widely separated cultures. Neoevolutionist anthropology, a development of the mid-20th century, addresses the relation between the long-term “progressive” change (general evolution) characteristic

Essen

2005-01-02T22:02:00.000-08:00

City, North Rhine-Westphalia Land (state), western Germany, between the Rhine-Herne Canal and the Ruhr River. It was originally the seat of an aristocratic convent (founded 852), still represented by the cathedral (the seat of a Roman Catholic bishop), completed in the 15th century. In the suburb of Werden, the abbey church was founded in 796 as part of a monastery. The convent and the

Arnulf

2005-01-01T17:25:00.000-08:00

Arnulf was the illegitimate son of Charles the Fat's eldest brother, Carloman, who was king of Bavaria. Arnulf inherited the march of Carinthia from his father but was excluded from the succession to the kingdom

Biblical Literature, The Ethiopic version

2004-12-30T11:28:00.000-08:00

The Ethiopic version poses special problems. The earliest Bible probably was based on Greek versions, after Ethiopia had been converted to Christianity during the 4th and 5th centuries. The earliest existing manuscripts, however, belong to the 13th century. Most manuscripts from the 14th century on seem to reflect Arabic or Coptic influence, and it is not certain whether

Steam Engine

2004-12-27T21:32:00.000-08:00

In a steam engine, hot steam, usually supplied by a boiler (q.v.), expands under pressure, and part of the heat energy is converted into work. The remainder of the heat may be allowed to escape, or, for maximum engine efficiency, the steam may be condensed in a separate apparatus, a condenser, at comparatively

Trichogrammatid

2004-12-25T04:29:00.000-08:00

Any of the tiny parasitic chalcid insects of the family Trichogrammatidae (order Hymenoptera), particularly those of the genus Trichogramma. Adults of Trichogramma species are less than one millimetre long, with pear-shaped wings having a single vein and fringing hairs; the three-segmented tarsi are distinctive. Trichogramma larvae parasitize the eggs of moths

Yalu River

2004-12-24T02:38:00.000-08:00

Wade-Giles romanization Ya-lü Chiang , Pinyin Yalu Jiang , Korean Amnok-kang river that forms the northwestern boundary between North Korea and the Northeast Region (Manchuria) of China. The Chinese provinces of Kirin and Liaoning are bordered by the river. Its length is estimated to be 491 miles (790 km), and it drains an area of some 12,259 square miles (31,751 square km). From a mountainous source in the Ch'ang-pai Mountains, the river flows southwestward to drain into

Cabochon Cut

2004-12-21T20:50:00.000-08:00

Method of cutting gemstones with a convex, rounded surface that is polished but unfaceted. Opaque, asteriated, iridescent, opalescent, or chatoyant stones are usually cut en cabochon. The back of a normal cabochon-cut stone is flat, but it may be hollowed to lighten the colour. Garnet, jasper, bloodstone, moonstone, cat's-eye, and star ruby and sapphire are among the gemstones

Rudolf, Lake

2004-12-20T02:26:00.000-08:00

Also called Lake Turkana fourth largest of the eastern African lakes. It lies mainly in northern Kenya, with its northern end stretching into Ethiopia. The lake lies in the eastern arm of eastern Africa's Rift Valley. It covers an area of 2,473 square miles (6,405 square km) and lies at 1,230 feet (375 m) above sea level. Together with Lake Baringo (south), Lake Rudolf once formed a larger body of water drained by the Sobat

Armenia

2004-12-18T03:16:00.000-08:00

In full Republic of Armenia, Armenian Hayastan, or Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun, country of Transcaucasia, lying just south of the great mountain range of the Caucasus and fronting the northwestern extremity of Asia. It covers an area of 11,500 square miles (29,800 square kilometres). To the north and east Armenia is bounded by Georgia and Azerbaijan, while its neighbours to the southeast and west are, respectively, Iran and Turkey. Naxçivan, an exclave of Azerbaijan,

Disarmament

2004-12-15T16:42:00.000-08:00

In international relations, any of four distinct conceptions: (1) the penal destruction or reduction of the armament of a country defeated in war (the provision under the Versailles Treaty [1919] for the disarmament of Germany and its allies is an example of this conception of disarmament); (2) bilateral disarmament agreements applying to specific geographic areas (naval

Goajiro

2004-12-14T21:33:00.000-08:00

Indian people of the Guajira Peninsula in northern Colombia and adjacent Venezuela. Numbering about 127,000 in the late 20th century, they speak an Arawakan language and are linguistically and culturally distinct from their neighbours to the south, the Arhuaco. The Goajiro are mainly a pastoral people, growing only a little corn (maize) to make chicha (beer). Besides raising

Ady, Endre

2004-12-12T13:10:00.000-08:00

Ady was born into an impoverished but noble family. On leaving school he studied law for a time, but in 1899 he published an insignificant volume of verse, Versek, and from 1900 until his death he worked as a journalist. In 1903 he published another volume of poetry,

Muhavura

2004-12-10T20:24:00.000-08:00

Also called Volcan Muhabura, extinct volcano at the easternmost end of the Virunga Mountains in east central Africa. It lies northeast of Lake Kivu on the border between Uganda and Rwanda. It is more than 13,500 ft high, and its crater contains a lake. The volcano forms part of the Virunga National Park, which is the home of the mountain gorilla.

Biblical Literature, Texts and manuscripts

2004-12-07T11:36:00.000-08:00

In referring to manuscript text types by their place of origin, one posits the idea that the major centers of Christendom established more or less standard texts: Alexandria; Caesarea and Antioch (Eastern); Italy and Gallia plus Africa (Western); Constantinople, the home for the Byzantine text type or the Textus Receptus. While such a geographical scheme has become

Condé, Henri-jules De Bourbon, 5e Prince De (5th Prince Of)

2004-12-05T17:36:00.000-08:00

Known from 1646 as the Duc d'Enghien, he was taken to and fro by his mother during the Fronde and eventually into exile with his father, returning to France in 1659. He was married in 1663 to Anne of Bavaria, daughter of Edward, Prince Palatine. At this time he was proposed as

Sunbury

2004-12-03T05:45:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1772) of Northumberland county, east-central Pennsylvania, U.S., on the Susquehanna River, 50 miles (80 km) north of Harrisburg. Located on the site of Shamokin, a Susquehanna Indian village, it was laid out in 1772 by John Lukens, surveyor general of Pennsylvania, and named for Sunbury, Middlesex, England. Fort Augusta, a settlers' bulwark against Indian attacks, was built in 1756. In July

Earth, Magnetic reconnection

2004-12-02T06:53:00.000-08:00

The observed dependence of geomagnetic activity on the orientation of the IMF is explained by most researchers as a consequence of magnetic reconnection. In reconnection, two oppositely directed magnetic fields are brought together by flowing plasmas at an x-type neutral line. Far from the neutral line the magnetic field is frozen in the plasma; however, near

France, History Of, Geographic-historical scope

2004-11-30T00:21:00.000-08:00

Gaul, in this context, signifies only what the Romans, from their perspective, termed Transalpine Gaul (Gallia Transalpina), or “Gaul across the Alps.” Broadly, it comprised all lands from the Pyrenees and the Mediterranean coast of modern France to the English Channel and from the Atlantic to the Rhine and the western Alps. The Romans knew a second Gaul, Cisalpine

Burgers, Thomas François

2004-11-28T05:00:00.000-08:00

After graduating as a doctor of theology from the University of Utrecht, Burgers in 1859 returned to Cape Colony, where he became the minister of the Dutch Reformed Church in

Eye, Human, The transparent media

2004-11-26T02:10:00.000-08:00

Within the cavities enclosed by the three layers of the globe described above there are the aqueous humour in the anterior and posterior chambers; the crystalline lens behind the iris; and the vitreous body, which fills the large cavity behind the lens and iris (Figure 1).

Adamawa

2004-11-24T09:42:00.000-08:00

The Mandara Mountains lie in the northeastern part of the state along the Cameroon border,

Yi-dam

2004-11-21T18:57:00.000-08:00

In Tibetan Buddhism, a tutelary, or guardian, deity with whom a lama (monk) has a special, secret relationship. The lama first prepares himself by meditation, then selects from among the guardian deities the one that reveals itself as offering the right guidance for a specific or lifelong goal. The lama will thereafter begin each day by worshiping his yi-dam. Any of the

Claude, Georges

2004-11-20T11:45:00.000-08:00

In 1897 Claude discovered that acetylene gas could be transported safely by dissolving it in acetone. His method was generally adopted and brought a wide expansion to the acetylene industry. Independently

Biblical Literature, Ezekielthe man and his message

2004-11-17T05:26:00.000-08:00

The man who wrote this book—at least the main body of the work—was undoubtedly one of the leaders of Jerusalem because he was among the first group of exiles to go into captivity—those who were forced to leave their homeland about 597 BCE in a deportation to Babylon on the orders of the conquering king Nebuchadrezzar. Belonging to the priestly class, perhaps of the line of Zadok,

Fidei Commissum

2004-11-16T05:52:00.000-08:00

In Roman law and civil-law systems, a gift of property to a person (usually by will), imposing upon that person the obligation to transfer it to a specified ultimate recipient, the latter being a person legally incapable of taking the property directly or at least not in the amount designated. It constituted a means of evading the inheritance requirements in Roman and

Kadare, Ismail

2004-11-13T05:23:00.000-08:00

The son of a post-office worker in the town of Gjirokastër, Kadare studied at the University of Tiranë and later at the Gorky Institute of World Literature in Moscow until 1960. Upon returning to Albania, he became a journalist and also embarked on a literary career. He endured

Alençon

2004-11-12T09:50:00.000-08:00

Town, Orne département, Basse-Normandie région, northwestern France. Alençon lies at the juncture of the Sarthe and Briante rivers, in the centre of a plain ringed by wooded hills. It is known for its tulle and lace (especially point d'Alençon), introduced from Venice in the mid-17th century. Incorporated in the duchy of Normandy in 911, it was capital of the county and duchy of

Alençon

2004-11-10T00:33:00.000-08:00

American collegiate athletic organization formed in 1953 as an offshoot of the Southern Conference. Member schools are Clemson University, Duke University, Florida State University (joined in 1990), the Georgia Institute of Technology (joined in 1979), the University of Maryland, the University of North Carolina, North Carolina State University, the University of Virginia, and

Earth, The introduction of triangulation

2004-11-07T18:23:00.000-08:00

A new era in determining the size of the Earth began through the introduction of triangulation. The idea of triangulation was apparently conceived by the Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe before the end of the 16th century, but it was developed as a science by a contemporary Dutch mathematician, Willebrord van Roijen Snell. Snell used a chain of 33 triangles to determine

Anti-saloon League

2004-11-06T21:40:00.000-08:00

The leading organization lobbying for prohibition in the United States in the early 20th century. It was founded as a state society in Ohio in 1893, but its influence spread rapidly, and in 1895 it became a national organization. It drew most of its support from Protestant evangelical churches, and it lobbied at all levels of government for legislation to prohibit the manufacture

Cord Moss

2004-11-04T02:16:00.000-08:00

Any of the plants of the genus Funaria (order Bryales), distinguished by the spirally twisted seta (stalk) of the capsule (spore case). More than 100 species of Funaria are found in many habitats throughout the world, especially on limestone or recently burned areas. About nine species are present in North America; the most common is F. hygrometrica, which

Spanish Literature, Revival of the Spanish novel

2004-11-02T01:30:00.000-08:00

For more than two centuries the novel, with which Spain had made its greatest contribution to literature, had been almost extinct. The first novels of the revival were more interesting for powers of observation and description (a continuation of costumbrismo) than for imaginative or narrative quality. A woman novelist, Fernán Caballero, determined the technique

Bedmar, Alonso De La Cueva, Marqués De

2004-10-30T01:14:00.000-07:00

Nominated by Philip III of Spain as ambassador to the Venetian Republic (1607), he was made marqués de Bedmar in 1614. He used his diplomatic privileges to promote the plans of the Spanish viceroys of Naples and Milan and to increase Spanish power in Italy. Resolutely opposed

Basho

2004-10-29T19:48:00.000-07:00

Interested in haiku from an early age, Basho at first put his literary interests aside and entered the service of a local feudal lord. After

Marseillaise, La

2004-10-27T11:02:00.000-07:00

After France declared war on Austria on April 20, 1792, P.F. Dietrich, the mayor of Strasbourg (where Rouget de Lisle was then quartered), expressed the need for a marching song for the French troops. “La

Jackson, Mahalia

2004-10-24T19:18:00.000-07:00

Jackson was brought up in a strict religious atmosphere. Her father's family included several entertainers, but she was forced to confine her own musical activities to singing in the church choir and listening—surreptitiously—to recordings

Seto

2004-10-23T01:26:00.000-07:00

City, Aichi ken (prefecture), central Honshu, Japan, northeast of Nagoya. Seto, established about 1230, is known for its porcelain (Seto ware). Since the Meiji period (1868–1912), the pottery industry has expanded to include over 900 factories and 1,000 kilns. Tableware, electric insulators, and toys are also produced. Seto houses the National Ceramic Experimental Station. Memorials to the legendary

Olympic Mountains

2004-10-20T21:46:00.000-07:00

Segment of the Pacific mountain system of western North America. They extend across the Olympic Peninsula south of the Juan de Fuca Strait and west of Puget Sound in northwestern Washington, U.S. The mountains began to form about 35 million years ago when the Juan de Fuca Plate collided with and was forced under (subducted) the North American Plate, scraping off vast quantities

Wright, Quincy

2004-10-18T14:09:00.000-07:00

Wright received his B.A. from Lombard College, Galesburg, Ill., in 1912 and his Ph.D. from the University of Illinois in 1915. He taught at Harvard University in 1916–19 and at the University of Minnesota in 1919–23. In 1923 he became

Qatif, Al-

2004-10-17T19:57:00.000-07:00

Also spelled Katif, town and oasis, northeastern Saudi Arabia. It lies along the Persian Gulf, over Al-Qatif petroleum field. Since the development of the oil fields in the late 1940s, Al-Qatif has lost its status as an important port to Ad-Dammam. In addition to several oil wells, Al-Qatif has oil-gas separator plants, pipelines, and large residential quarters for workers. A major irrigation project (completed

Gatchina

2004-10-14T18:58:00.000-07:00

Formerly (until 1929) Khotchino , or (1929–44) Krasnogvardeysk city, Leningrad oblast (province), northwestern Russia, lying 15 miles (24 km) southwest of St. Petersburg. The first mention of Khotchino dates from 1499, when it was a possession of Novgorod. Later it belonged to Livonia and Sweden. After 1721 it was returned to Russia and in the 1720s belonged to the sister of Peter I the Great, Natalia. The town grew only after the building, between 1766 and 1772, of a summer

Biblical Literature, Purpose and theme

2004-10-12T05:35:00.000-07:00

The Revelation (i.e., Apocalypse) to John is an answer in apocalyptic terms to the needs of the church in time of persecution, as it awaits the end-time expected in the near future. The purpose of the book is to encourage and admonish the church to be steadfast and endure. The form of an apocalypse shows affinities with contemporary Jewish, Oriental, and Hellenistic writings

John George I

2004-10-10T09:37:00.000-07:00

An easygoing, indolent drunkard whose chief wish was “to drink his beer in peace,” he was a faithful adherent of the house of Habsburg. As a result of his inability

Aswan

2004-10-08T23:26:00.000-07:00

Also spelled Assuan, or Assouan, Greek Syene, city, capital of Aswan muhafazah (governorate), Egypt, on the east bank of the Nile just below the First Cataract. It faces the island of Elephantine (modern Jazirat Aswan), on which stand the ruins of the ancient city of Yeb. Aswan was the southern frontier of pharaonic Egypt. Its local quarries supplied granite for many ancient Egyptian monuments and are still operated. On the

Fabricius, Johann Albert

2004-10-07T05:51:00.000-07:00

In 1689, after two years at the University of Leipzig, Fabricius graduated as master of philosophy and published anonymously his Decas decadum, Sive plagiariorum et pseudonymorum centuria, a survey of 100 writers accused of plagiarism or literary mystification. In 1694 he became librarian

Da Ponte, Lorenzo

2004-10-04T19:14:00.000-07:00

Though Jewish by birth, Da Ponte was baptized in 1763 and later became a priest; his youthful libertinism and freethinking, however, eventually led, in 1779, to his expulsion from the Venetian state. Taking up residence in Vienna, he became official poet to the court of Emperor Joseph II and in

China, Justice

2004-10-03T22:25:00.000-07:00

The legal apparatus that existed before the changes made during the Cultural Revolution has been resurrected. The State Council again has a Ministry of Justice, and procuratorial organs and a court system have been reestablished. The legal framework for this system has been provided through the adoption of various laws and legal codes. For the first time, the law

Biblical Literature, Jonah

2004-10-01T09:45:00.000-07:00

The Book of Jonah, containing the well-known story of Jonah in the stomach of a fish for three days, is actually a narrative about a reluctant prophet. This fifth book of the Twelve (Minor) Prophets contains no oracles and is thus unique among prophetic books. In II Kings, chapter 14, verses 25–27, there is a reference to a prophet Jonah who lived during the early part of the reign of

Daddy Longlegs

2004-09-29T09:05:00.000-07:00

Also called Harvestman, any of the 3,400 species of the arachnid order Opiliones (sometimes named Phalangida). A daddy longlegs differs from all true spiders (order Araneae) by the extreme length and thinness of its legs and by the small size and spherical or oval shape of its body, which is not divided into two regions by a constriction. The body is 1 to 22 mm (0.04 to 0.9 inch) long; the slender legs, which easily break

Saint-pierre And Miquelon

2004-09-27T13:44:00.000-07:00

Officially Territorial Collectivity of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon , French Collectivité Territoriale de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon archipelago about 15 miles (25 km) off the southern coast of the island of Newfoundland, Canada, a collectivité of France since 1985. The area of the main islands is 93 square miles (242 square km), 83 square miles (215 square km) of which are in the Miquelons (Miquelon and Langlade, sometimes known as Great and Little Miquelon, connected by the slim, sandy Isthmus of Langlade). But the island of Saint-Pierre,

Balcony

2004-09-24T05:34:00.000-07:00

External extension of an upper floor of a building, enclosed up to a height of about three feet (one metre) by a solid or pierced screen, by balusters (see also balustrade), or by railings. In the medieval and Renaissance periods, balconies were supported by corbels made out of successive courses of stonework, or by large wooden or stone brackets. Since the 19th century, supports

Epistemology, John Duns Scotus

2004-09-23T01:56:00.000-07:00

While he accepted some aspects of Aristotelian abstractionism and also held that there need to be some a priori principles of perception, principles that he attributed to Augustine, John Duns Scotus (c. 1266–1308) did not rest the certainty of human knowledge on either of them. He distinguished four different classes of things that are certain: First, there are things that are

Ecloga

2004-09-20T05:39:00.000-07:00

Leo issued the law code in Greek instead of the traditional Latin, so that it could be understood by more people and utilized by judges

Hyposulfite Of Soda

2004-09-19T13:05:00.000-07:00

Most important salt of thiosulfuric acid, an unstable compound of sulfur (q.v.).

La Sale, Antoine De

2004-09-17T04:04:00.000-07:00

From 1400 to 1448 La Sale served the dukes of Anjou, Louis II, Louis III, and René, as squire, soldier, administrator and, ultimately, governor of René's son and heir, Jean

Aytmatov, Chingiz

2004-09-14T21:57:00.000-07:00

Aytmatov achieved major literary recognition with his collection of short stories, Povesti gor i stepey (1963; Tales of Mountains and Steppes), for which he was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1963. His most important works

Sanliurfa

2004-09-12T20:34:00.000-07:00

Formerly Urfa, or Edessa, Arabic Ar-ruha, city, southeastern Turkey. It lies in a fertile plain and is ringed by limestone hills on three sides. The city is very old and controls a strategic pass to the south through which runs a road used since antiquity to travel between Anatolia and northern Mesopotamia. The modern name derives from the early Aramaic name, Urhai, which was changed to Edessa when the town was

Ibn Daud, Abraham Ben David Halevi

2004-09-10T18:16:00.000-07:00

Physician and historian who was the first Jewish philosopher to draw on Aristotle's writings in a systematic fashion. He is probably more esteemed today for his history Sefer ha-kabbala (“Book of Tradition”) than for his major philosophic work, Sefer ha-emuna ha-rama (“Book of Sublime Faith”), extant only in Hebrew and German

Nolde, Emil

2004-09-09T21:54:00.000-07:00

Born of a peasant family, the youthful Nolde made his living as a wood-carver. He was able to study art formally only when some of his early works

Wailuku

2004-09-06T23:49:00.000-07:00

City, seat of Maui county, northern Maui Island, Hawaii, U.S. It is situated on an isthmus at the mouth of the valley of Iao and the base of the western mountains. With Kahului (east) it forms a contiguous area that is the most densely populated and busiest on the island. Iao Stream flows through the western part of the city. Wailuku (Hawaiian: “Water of Destruction”) recalls the

Feller, Bob

2004-09-04T03:50:00.000-07:00

Feller was signed to a contract with the New Orleans Pelicans in 1935 and joined the Cleveland Indians mid-season in 1936. Initially Feller

FemalePencil

Khakass

Hestia

Hadrian's Wall

Dadra And Nagar Haveli

Siliceous Rock

Armstrong, Edwin H.

China, KMT opposition to radicals

Chancellor

Argentine

Pinski, David

Anthony, Katharine (susan)

Cynegils

Beit Bridge

Land, Edwin Herbert

Celestial Mechanics

Faribault

Shamanism, Forms of ecstasy

Servite

Biblical Literature, The history of canonization

Theatre, Western, Imitation of Greek models

Ibycus

Christianity, The tendency toward asceticism

Eclecticism

Automotive Industry, International operations

Vitale Da Bologna,

Syrtos

Paul Karadjordjevic, Prince

Biblical Literature, The Essenes

Annelid, Leeches

Ascot

Literary Criticism, Criticism and knowledge

Daniel, Peter V(ivian)

Piciform, Vocalizations

Estaing, Charles-hector, Comte (count) D'

Seti I

Kiriath-sepher

Davies, Emily

Arabia, Yemen

Neoevolutionism

Essen

Arnulf

Biblical Literature, The Ethiopic version

Steam Engine

Trichogrammatid

Yalu River

Cabochon Cut

Rudolf, Lake

Armenia

Disarmament

Goajiro

Ady, Endre

Muhavura

Biblical Literature, Texts and manuscripts

Condé, Henri-jules De Bourbon, 5e Prince De (5th Prince Of)

Sunbury

Earth, Magnetic reconnection

France, History Of, Geographic-historical scope

Burgers, Thomas François

Eye, Human, The transparent media

Adamawa

Yi-dam

Claude, Georges

Biblical Literature, Ezekielthe man and his message

Fidei Commissum

Kadare, Ismail

Alençon

Alençon

Earth, The introduction of triangulation

Anti-saloon League

Cord Moss

Spanish Literature, Revival of the Spanish novel

Bedmar, Alonso De La Cueva, Marqués De

Basho

Marseillaise, La

Jackson, Mahalia

Seto

Olympic Mountains

Wright, Quincy

Qatif, Al-

Biblical Literature, Ezekielthe man and his message